Ingrown toenails, medically known as onychocryptosis, are a common and painful condition where the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin as a foot Gout doctor can explain. This usually affects the big toe and can lead to swelling, redness, pain, and even infection if not properly treated. While often seen as a minor issue, ingrown toenails can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life, especially if left unmanaged.
Contributing Factors
Several factors can contribute to the development of ingrown toenails. One of the most common causes is improper nail trimming. Cutting the nails too short or rounding the edges encourages the skin to fold over the nail, or the nail to grow into the skin. Another frequent cause is wearing tight-fitting shoes, socks, or stockings that place pressure on the toes and nails, forcing the nail edges into the surrounding tissue.
Foot structure and genetics can also play a role. Some people are naturally predisposed to ingrown toenails due to the shape of their toenails or toes. For example, having unusually curved nails increases the risk. In addition, injuries to the toe — such as stubbing it or repeated trauma from sports or physical activity — can also lead to abnormal nail growth and increase the likelihood of ingrown nails. Poor foot hygiene and certain health conditions, such as diabetes or fungal infections, may also increase the risk by affecting the nail’s structure or the skin’s ability to heal. In adolescents and young adults, increased perspiration can soften the nail and surrounding skin, making ingrown nails more common.
Care Instructions
Healthy toenails start with proper foot and nail care. Toenails should be trimmed straight across, not curved or angled at the edges. This helps prevent the nail from growing into the skin. Nails should be kept at a moderate length — not too short, and not allowed to grow excessively long. Use clean, sharp nail clippers, and avoid tearing or picking at the nails.
Wearing shoes that fit properly is equally important. Shoes should provide enough room for the toes to move freely without being cramped. Avoid high heels and narrow shoes for extended periods, as they can contribute to pressure on the toes.
For mild cases, soaking the affected foot in warm water several times a day can reduce swelling and soften the skin, allowing the nail to grow out naturally. Over-the-counter antibiotic creams and pain relievers may also be used to prevent infection and manage discomfort. Gently lifting the edge of the nail using a small piece of cotton or dental floss may help guide it to grow above the skin. However, if there are signs of infection — such as pus, excessive redness, or persistent pain — it is important to seek medical attention as our friends at Dynamic Foot and Ankle Center would advise.
A healthcare provider may need to remove part of the nail or prescribe antibiotics. In recurring or severe cases, minor surgical procedures can be performed to permanently correct the nail’s growth pattern.While ingrown toenails are a common problem, proper nail care, good hygiene, and appropriate footwear can go a long way in preventing them. Timely treatment is key to avoiding complications and ensuring healthy feet. Contact a doctor near you if you are struggling with an ingrown toenail.